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1993-03-11
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Extracted from Brendan Kehoe's ZEN AND THE ART OF THE INTERNET <PERMIT.ZEN>
Usenet News
Original from: chip@count.tct.com (Chip Salzenberg)
[Most recent change: 19 May 1991 by spaf@cs.purdue.edu (Gene Spafford)]
...
What Usenet Is
Usenet is the set of machines that exchange articles tagged with one
or more universally-recognized labels, called newsgroups (or
``groups'' for short). (Note that the term newsgroup is correct,
while area, base, board, bboard, conference, round table, SIG, etc.
are incorrect. If you want to be understood, be accurate.)
The Diversity of Usenet
If the above definition of Usenet sounds vague, that's because it is.
It is almost impossible to generalize over all Usenet sites in any
non-trivial way. Usenet encompasses government agencies, large
universities, high schools, businesses of all sizes, home computers of
all descriptions, etc.
Every administrator controls his own site. No one has any real
control over any site but his own. The administrator gets his power
from the owner of the system he administers. As long as the owner is
happy with the job the administrator is doing, he can do whatever he
pleases, up to and including cutting off Usenet entirely. C'est
la vie.
...
Hierarchies
Newsgroups are organized according to their specific areas of
concentration. Since the groups are in a tree structure, the
various areas are called hierarchies. There are seven major categories:
comp
Topics of interest to both computer professionals and
hobbyists, including topics in computer science, software sources, and
information on hardware and software systems.
misc
Group addressing themes not easily classified into any of the other
headings or which incorporate themes from multiple categories.
Subjects include fitness, job-hunting, law, and investments.
sci
Discussions marked by special knowledge relating to research in or
application of the established sciences.
soc
Groups primarily addressing social issues and socializing. Included
are discussions related to many different world cultures.
talk
Groups largely debate-oriented and tending to feature long
discussions without resolution and without appreciable amounts of
generally useful information.
news
Groups concerned with the news network, group maintenance, and software.
rec
Groups oriented towards hobbies and recreational activities
These ``world'' newsgroups are (usually) circulated around the entire
Usenet---this implies world-wide distribution. Not all groups
actually enjoy such wide distribution, however. The European Usenet
and Eunet sites take only a selected subset of the more ``technical''
groups, and controversial ``noise'' groups are often not carried by many
sites in the U.S. and Canada (these groups are primarily under the talk
and soc classifications). Many sites do not carry some or all of
the comp.binaries groups because of the typically large size of
the posts in them (being actual executable programs).
Also available are a number of ``alternative'' hierarchies:
alt
True anarchy; anything and everything can and does appear;
subjects include sex, the Simpsons, and privacy.
gnu
Groups concentrating on interests and software with the GNU
Project of the Free Software Foundation. For further info on what the
FSF is, FSF.
biz
Business-related groups.
...
How Usenet Works
The transmission of Usenet news is entirely cooperative. Feeds are
generally provided out of good will and the desire to distribute news
everywhere. There are places which provide feeds for a fee (e.g.
UUNET), but for the large part no exchange of money is involved.
...
Further information on how Usenet works with relation to the various
transports is available in the documentation for the Cnews and NNTP
packages, as well as in RFC-1036, the Standard for Interchange of
USENET Messages and RFC-977, Network News Transfer Protocol: A
Proposed Standard for the Stream-Based Transmission of News. The
RFCs do tend to be rather dry reading, particularly to the new user.
Mail Gateways
A natural progression is for Usenet news and electronic mailing lists
to somehow become merged---which they have, in the form of news
gateways. Many mailing lists are set up to ``reflect'' messages not
only to the readership of the list, but also into a newsgroup.
Likewise, posts to a newsgroup can be sent to the moderator of the
mailing list, or to the entire mailing list. Some examples of this in
action are comp.risks (the Risks Digest) and
comp.dcom.telecom (the Telecom Digest).
...
Frequently Asked Questions
A number of groups include Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) lists,
which give the answers to questions or points that have been raised
time and time again in a newsgroup. They're intended to help cut
down on the redundant traffic in a group. For example, in the
newsgroup alt.tv.simpsons, one recurring question is Did you notice
that there's a different blackboard opening at the beginning of every
Simpsons episode? As a result, it's part of the FAQ for that group.
Usually, FAQ lists are posted at the beginning of each month, and are
set to expire one month later (when, supposedly, the next FAQ will be
published). Nearly every FAQ is also crossposted to news.answers,
which is used as a Usenet repository for them.
The Pit-Manager Archive
MIT, with Jonathan Kamens, has graciously dedicated a machine to the
archiving and storage of the various periodic postings that are
peppered throughout the various Usenet groups. To access them, <FTP> to
the system pit-manager.mit.edu and look in the directory
/pub/usenet.
``Be it true or false, so it be news.''
Ben Jonson, News from the New World